Linux磁盘管理、分区、扩展SWAP-白红宇

[root@RHEL7 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.

Be careful before using the write command.

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes, 10485760 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk label type: dos

Disk identifier: 0x2fa2fc5f

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sdb1 2048 10485759 5241856 83 Linux

Command (m for help): d

Selected partition 1

Partition 1 is deleted

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes, 10485760 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk label type: dos

Disk identifier: 0x2fa2fc5f

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

Command (m for help): n

Partition type:

p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)

e extended

Select (default p): p

Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1

First sector (2048-10485759, default 2048):

Using default value 2048

Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-10485759, default 10485759): +500MB

Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 477 MiB is set

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes, 10485760 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk label type: dos

Disk identifier: 0x2fa2fc5f

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sdb1 2048 978943 488448 83 Linux

Command (m for help): n

Partition type:

p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)

e extended

Select (default p): p

Partition number (2-4, default 2):

First sector (978944-10485759, default 978944):

Using default value 978944

Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (978944-10485759, default 10485759): +100MB

Partition 2 of type Linux and of size 95 MiB is set

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

[root@RHEL7 ~]# mkfs.xfs -f /dev/sdb1

meta-data=/dev/sdb1 isize=256 agcount=4, agsize=30528 blks

= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1

= crc=0

data = bsize=4096 blocks=122112, imaxpct=25

= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks

naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=0

log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=853, version=2

= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1

realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0

[root@RHEL7 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb2

[root@RHEL7 ~]# mkdir /sdb1

[root@RHEL7 ~]# mkdir /sdb2

[root@RHEL7 ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /sdb1

[root@RHEL7 ~]# mount /dev/sdb2 /sdb2

[root@RHEL7 ~]# mount

/dev/sdb1 on /sdb1 type xfs (rw,relatime,seclabel,attr2,inode64,noquota)

/dev/sdb2 on /sdb2 type ext4 (rw,relatime,seclabel,data=ordered)

[root@RHEL7 ~]# df | tail -2

/dev/sdb1 485036 24580 460456 6% /sdb1

/dev/sdb2 90099 1550 81740 2% /sdb2

设备开机自动挂载

[root@RHEL7 ~]# vim /etc/fstab

/dev/sdb1 /sdb1 xfs defaults 0 0

/dev/sdb2 /sdb2 ext4 defaults 0 0

重新挂载所有分区

[root@RHEL7 ~]# mount -a

使用UUID实现自动挂载

查看分区的UUID

[root@RHEL7 ~]# blkid /dev/sdb1

/dev/sdb1: UUID="58972903-1d37-4acf-a108-d7221f08e1af" TYPE="xfs"

[root@RHEL7 ~]# blkid /dev/sdb2

/dev/sdb2: UUID="46adcd74-5806-45de-8006-a893c548c9d4" TYPE="ext4"

将/dev/sdb1,/dev/sdb2设备名称使用uuid号替代

[root@RHEL7 ~]# vim /etc/fstab

UUID=58972903-1d37-4acf-a108-d7221f08e1af /sdb1 xfs defaults 0 0

UUID=46adcd74-5806-45de-8006-a893c548c9d4 /sdb2 ext4 defaults 0 0

再重新挂载

[root@RHEL7 ~]# mount -a

卸载挂载点

[root@RHEL7 ~]# umount /sdb1

[root@RHEL7 ~]# umount /sdb2

大于2TB以上的分区使用parted分区

GPT：全局唯一标识分区表，Gpt对分区数量没有限制

查看是否安装了parted

[root@RHEL7 ~]# rpm -qf `which parted`

parted-3.1-17.el7.x86_64

[root@RHEL7 ~]# rpm -qa | grep parted

pyparted-3.9-7.el7.x86_64

parted-3.1-17.el7.x86_64

查看分区状态

[root@RHEL7 ~]# parted -l

Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)

Disk /dev/sda: 21.5GB

Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B

Partition Table: msdos

Disk Flags:

Number Start End Size Type File system Flags

1 1049kB 211MB 210MB primary xfs boot

2 211MB 11.8GB 11.5GB primary lvm

Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)

Disk /dev/sdb: 5369MB

Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B

Partition Table: msdos

Disk Flags:

Number Start End Size Type File system Flags

1 1049kB 501MB 500MB primary xfs

2 501MB 601MB 99.6MB primary ext4

Model: Linux device-mapper (linear) (dm)

Disk /dev/mapper/rhel-swap: 1049MB

Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B

Partition Table: loop

Disk Flags:

Number Start End Size File system Flags

1 0.00B 1049MB 1049MB linux-swap(v1)

Model: Linux device-mapper (linear) (dm)

Disk /dev/mapper/rhel-root: 10.5GB

Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B

Partition Table: loop

Disk Flags:

Number Start End Size File system Flags

1 0.00B 10.5GB 10.5GB xfs

Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (Read-only file system). /dev/sr0

has been opened read-only.

Model: NECVMWar VMware SATA CD01 (scsi)

Disk /dev/sr0: 3743MB

Sector size (logical/physical): 2048B/2048B

Partition Table: msdos

Disk Flags:

Number Start End Size Type File system Flags

2 1123MB 1149MB 25.7MB primary

[root@RHEL7 ~]# parted /dev/sdb

GNU Parted 3.1

Using /dev/sdb

Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.

(parted) print

Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)

Disk /dev/sdb: 5369MB

Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B

Partition Table: msdos

Disk Flags:

Number Start End Size Type File system Flags

1 1049kB 501MB 500MB primary xfs

2 501MB 601MB 99.6MB primary ext4

(parted) rm 2

[root@RHEL7 ~]# parted /dev/sdb

GNU Parted 3.1

Using /dev/sdb

Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.

(parted) print

Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)

Disk /dev/sdb: 5369MB

Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B

Partition Table: msdos

Disk Flags:

Number Start End Size Type File system Flags

1 1049kB 501MB 500MB primary xfs

(parted) rm 1

(parted) print

Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)

Disk /dev/sdb: 5369MB

Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B

Partition Table: msdos

Disk Flags:

Number Start End Size Type File system Flags

(parted) mklabel gpt

Warning: The existing disk label on /dev/sdb will be destroyed and all

data on this disk will be lost. Do you want to continue?

Yes/No? yes

(parted) print

Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)

Disk /dev/sdb: 5369MB

Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B

Partition Table: gpt

Disk Flags:

Number Start End Size File system Name Flags

(parted) mkpart primary 0 1000

Warning: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best

performance.

Ignore/Cancel? ignore

(parted) print

Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)

Disk /dev/sdb: 5369MB

Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B

Partition Table: gpt

Disk Flags:

Number Start End Size File system Name Flags

1 17.4kB 1000MB 1000MB primary

(parted) mkpart primary 1000 2000

(parted) print

Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)

Disk /dev/sdb: 5369MB

Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B

Partition Table: gpt

Disk Flags:

Number Start End Size File system Name Flags

1 17.4kB 1000MB 1000MB primary

2 1000MB 2000MB 999MB primary

(parted) q

Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.

扩展SWAP分区

[root@RHEL7 ~]# ls /dev/sdb*

/dev/sdb /dev/sdb1

[root@RHEL7 ~]# mkswap /dev/sdb1

mkswap: /dev/sdb1: warning: wiping old xfs signature.

Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 195580 KiB

no label, UUID=8b9719da-bd1c-487c-8346-4b9d2b7eb082

[root@RHEL7 ~]# swapon /dev/sdb1

[root@RHEL7 ~]# free -m

total used free shared buffers cached

Mem: 1826 1132 694 10 1 434

-/+ buffers/cache: 696 1129

Swap: 1190 0 1190

[root@RHEL7 ~]# swapoff /dev/sdb1

本文转自 OpenStack2015 博客，原文链接： http://blog.51cto.com/andyliu/1839031 如需转载请自行联系原作者